Small People Dealing wiþ Looming Fascism, BRIEFLY NOTED

For 2022-12-13 Tu

CONDITION: An Excellent Lunch wiþ þe Learned Bill Janeway!:

The brilliant Gary Gerstle…. The brilliant Tim Snyder…. His remarkable Ukraine lectures…. The remarkable Forging Global Fordism…. That genius Adam Tooze…. The learned Sven Beckert…. America as a developmental state…. That genius Alexander Hamilton…. & many other topics

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FOCUS: Small People Dealing wiþ Looming Fascism:

I volunteered to write an introduction to the reissue of three of my favorite alternate-history novels: Jo Walton’s “Small Change” series:

• Farthing: Publishers Weekly: Starred: “World Fantasy Award–winner Walton (Tooth and Claw) crosses genres without missing a beat with this stunningly powerful alternative history set in 1949…

• Ha’Penny: Publishers Weekly: “This provocative sequel to acclaimed alternate history Farthing (2006) delves deeper into the intrigue and paranoia of 1940s fascist Great Britain…. World Fantasy Award–winner Walton masterfully illustrates how fear can overwhelm common sense…

• Half a Crown: Publishers Weekly: “Walton's fine conclusion to her alternative-history trilogy…

Writing an introduction to a set of novels is hard! I want to SPOIL ALL THE THINGS!!!! But that would make people sad.

Here’s my first draft: Does this work?

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It started when David came into the lawn absolutely furious. We were down at Farthing for one of Mummy's ghastly political squeezes...

Jo Walton's Farthing seems to open in our world,  in the upper-class English milieu of the mid-1900s. Farthing opens as a drawing room romantic comedy. The first voice we hear is that of the—shallow?—ingénue. Hair. Pearls. The "dim... complete nincompoop" antagonist Lady Angela Thirkle. The ingénue's family's and their circle's belief that her marriage to David is a mésalliance. 

Then it shifts: at the end of Chapter 1 we realize that all of it has been the ingénue's explanation—scatter-brained and digressive—of why her reaction to the murder of Sir James Thirkle was "it well and truly served [Angela] right". 

At the start of Chapter 2 enter the detective: Inspector Peter Anthony Carmichael. Farthing is now an English police procedural. And it is not our world. It is, rather, an alternate-history novel: We learn that Carmichael was "one of the last to get away from Dunkirk". We learn that it is 1949. We learn that England had "fought Hitler to a standstill". We learn that "Adolf admired England and had no territorial ambitions across the channel". We learn that England and Hitler's Germany are good friends. 

And so it shifts again: the ingénue's marriage to David is a Christian-Jewish marriage. That has suddenly become very fraught. Farthing is no longer a police procedural. It is, rather a novel of looming fascist dystopia.

The last of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms is: Freedom from Fear—fear that someone might destroy the pattern of your life and so upend your pursuit of happiness, might imprison you and so take away your personal liberty, might execute you and so take away your life. Whatever other disagreements we might have about how to organize society, perhaps we all could agree that it needed at a minimum to provide us with Freedom from Fear: security for our resources, for our persons, and for our lives. Once we recognized that as the foundation—bought into the liberalism of fear—much could be built that would be solid, and good.

Or, rather it would be solid until it was not. 

The Roman Republic was not a creature you wanted as a neighbor, and you really did not want it to come to visit. However, if you yourself were a citizen, and thus within the charmed circle, the Roman Republic secured your liberty: your Freedom from Fear. It had done so ever since King Tarquin the Proud had raped Lucretia Collatini and immediately been forced to flee for his life, or so the story went.

But then in the year -133 Roman land-reformer politician Tiberius Gracchus, with perhaps 200 of his followers, were murdered by a mob led by Tiberius's first cousin Nasica (and probably inspired by his first-cousin and brother-in-law Aemilianus). It was, in part, a family affair.

The historian Plutarch wrote 200 years later:

This is said to have been the first sedition at Rome, since the abolition of royal power, to end in bloodshed and the death of citizens; the rest... were settled by mutual concessions, the nobles yielding from fear of the multitude, and the people out of respect for the senate..."

One overreaction to a political fight had become a mass mob murder. The fall of the Roman Republic had begun. And at the end no one could be free from fear.

After the murderer of Tiberius, land-reformer politicians drew the lesson that they needed bully-boys to keep right-wingers from doing to them what had been done to him. Better than bully-boys would be a loyal legion. Or three. Two generations later right-wing military-politician Sulla's loyal legions attacked and seized Rome, establishing his brutal and bloody temporary dictatorship. Three generations later Pompey and Caesar, each with a loyal army, fought it out. Four generations later Octavian won his four-cornered cage match, became the Emperor Augustus, and the Roman Republic was dead. 

Thereafter no one was free from fear.

The Emperor could say one morning that he had dreamed that Senator So-and-So had conspired against him, and so had Senator So-and-So executed. Prudence and fear would keep tongues silent. .

The plots of the novels that make up Jo Walton's “Small Change” are of assassinations and murders foiled and not-foiled, of coverings-up and revealings, of people desperately seeking advantage, seeking survival, seeking to somehow resist in a world in which even the possibility of working toward freedom from fear appears to be slipping away. The themes are of how people resist, acquiesce, or enthusiastically embrace the approaching threat of fascist dystopia—and how, sometimes, the same people do all three, sometimes in turn, sometimes all at once.

I love these novels. I commend them to you, and hope you enjoy them at least a quarter as much as I do.

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So does that work as a series reissue introduction? DOES IT MAKE YOU WANT TO RUN OUT AND BUY THEM!?

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ONE VIDEO: Spiderman: Across þe Spiderverse:

The Lord family business prepares to blow your mind once again:

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Release date: June 2, 2023 (USA)
Directors: Joaquim Dos Santos, Kemp Powers, Justin Thompson
Screenplay: Phil Lord, Chris Miller, David Callaham
Music composed by: Daniel Pemberton
Producers: Avi Arad, Phil Lord, Amy Pascal, Chris Miller, Christina Steinberg

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ONE IMAGE: Þe Arming of Akhilleus:

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• Matthew Cranston: FTX’s inner circle – including Sam Bankman-Fried – had chat group called ‘Wirefraud’…

• Matt Levine: How to Do Fraud at a Futures Exchange: ‘Oh Sam…

• Max Chafkin: The FUD Behind the Crypto Collapse: ‘Sam Bankman-Fried and Binance’s Changpeng Zhao were ostensible partners…

• Jonathan Last: The Coup Texts: ‘The Republican politicians who wanted “Marshall” law…

• Stephen Witt: The World-Changing Race to Develop the Quantum Computer…

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¶s:

Friedrich Engels: Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (Chpt. 3): ‘The production of the means to support human life and, next to production, the exchange of things produced, is the basis of all social structure…. The final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are to be sought… in changes in the modes of production and exchange. They are to be sought, not in the philosophy, but in the economics of each particular epoch. The growing perception that existing social institutions are unreasonable and unjust, that reason has become unreason, and right wrong, is only proof that in the modes of production and exchange changes have silently taken place with which the social order, adapted to earlier economic conditions, is no longer in keeping. From this it also follows that the means of getting rid of the incongruities that have been brought to light must also be present, in a more or less developed condition, within the changed modes of production themselves. These means are not to be invented by deduction from fundamental principles, but are to be discovered in the stubborn facts of the existing system of production...

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John Ganz: What Is Even Happening?: ‘There has been something hallucinatory and psychotic about the past half decade or so: a sense of reality melting and a stomach-churning, vertiginous glimpse into the abyss…. Real fascism had Ezra Pound and Céline as its bards, I guess our second-time-as-farce fascism has Kanye West…. Is this just an accident brought on by temporary mental illness, or does this reflect something deeper or more problematic going on in the culture and society? Is this a real thing or a spectacle? Is fascism in our era merely chimerical or a living political reality? My answer is, “Well, Why not both?”…